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Physiotherapy for Lungs: Cystic Fibrosis

What Does CF Physiotherapy Include?

Cardiopulmonary, or commonly referred to as chest and lungs physiotherapy, involves a range of techniques and exercises designed to manage symptoms related to lung diseases and prevent complications. These include:

Airway clearance techniques – Helps loosen and remove mucus buildup in the lungs.
Breathing exercises – Improves lung function and oxygen flow.
Physical activity – Important to restore lung function to the previous level.
Postural drainage– daily position exercises to drain mucus from lungs.

Each individual’s physiotherapy plan is customized based on age, condition, and specific challenges.

The Inner ear balancing system

Why is Airway Clearance Important?

One of the biggest concerns for people with CF or other lung diseases is the buildup of thick mucus in the lungs. Without regular clearance, mucus can:

Block airways, making breathing difficult.

Trap bacteria, increasing the risk of lung infections.

Cause inflammation, leading to permanent lung damage.

Daily airway clearance is essential for preventing complications maintaining lung function.

Airway Clearance Techniques

There are several techniques for clearing mucus from the lungs. The best method will depend on the individual’s condition and preference.

Breathing-Based Techniques (No Equipment Required)

Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT)

  • A cycle of deep breathing, relaxed breathing, huffing, and coughing to move mucus.
  • Suitable for young children and adults.

Autogenic Drainage (AD)

  • Uses controlled breathing to move mucus from small to large airways.

Postural Drainage (PD)

  • Uses gravity to help drain mucus from different parts of the lungs.

Percussion and Vibrations

  • Involves gentle clapping or vibrating movements on the chest to loosen mucus.

Airway Clearance Devices

These devices help improve mucus movement and lung function. These include:

Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEP) Devices

  • Patients breathe out against resistance, helping to move mucus.
  • Used in mask or mouthpiece form, with adjustable resistance settings.

Bubble PEP (for young children)

  • Works like PEP therapy but uses a tube in soapy water to create bubbles.

Oscillating PEP Devices 

  • Combines positive pressure and airway vibrations to loosen mucus.
  • Helps move mucus up the airways for easier clearance.

High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (HFCWO)

  • Uses an inflatable vest that vibrates to loosen mucus in the lungs.
  • Suitable for patients who struggle with active clearance techniques.

Exercise for lung function

Exercise is one of the best ways to improve lung function, muscle strength, and overall health for patients with lung diseases.

Benefits of Exercise for CF Patients:

  • Loosens mucus, making clearance easier.
  • Strengthens breathing muscles, reducing shortness of breath.
  • Improves posture, preventing strain on the lungs.
  • Boosts circulation, supporting overall lung health.

Recommended Activities:

🏃 Walking, running, and cycling – Builds endurance and supports lung function.
🏊 Swimming – Expands the lungs and is a low-impact full-body workout.
🧘 Yoga and stretching – Improves posture and breathing capacity.
🏋️ Strength training – Helps maintain bone density and muscle strength.

Your CF physiotherapist will guide you on how to integrate exercise with airway clearance for maximum benefits.

In Summary

Physiotherapy is an important treatment for patients with chronic lung issues.

In summary, physical therapy and rehabilitation can:

✔ Keep airways clear and prevent lung infections.
✔ Improve lung strength.
✔ Help patients return to their previous level of activity

With the right techniques, exercises, and airway clearance routines, CF patients can maintain better lung function and live healthier, more active lives.

Please reach out to us if you have any further questions or need to see us for a consultation!

About the author

Arjun Patel, PT, MScPT, MCPA is an orthopedic, neuro, and vestibular physiotherapist. He is the director of Blue Space Clinic Physiotherapy and sees complex cases on a daily basis. He is also an adjunct lecturer at the faculty of medicine at University of Toronto.

To learn more about Arjun and our clinic, click here!

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